Method for reducing inter-cell interference

ABSTRACT

A method for reducing inter-cell interference and a method for transmitting a signal by a collaborative MIMO scheme, in a communication system having a multi-cell environment are disclosed. An example of a method for transmitting, by a mobile station, precoding information in a collaborative MIMO communication system includes determining a precoding matrix set including precoding matrices of one more base stations including a serving base station, based on signal strength of the serving base station, and transmitting information about the precoding matrix set to the serving base station. A mobile station in an edge of a cell performs a collaborative MIMO mode or inter-cell interference mitigation mode using the information about the precoding matrix set collaboratively with neighboring base stations.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of, and claims the benefit of U.S.Application No. 12,318,439 filed Dec. 29, 2008 and claims the benefit ofpriority to Korean Patent Application Nos. 10-2007-0141690 and10-2008-0120609 filed on Dec. 31, 2007 and Dec. 1, 2008, respectively,each of which are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forthherein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a communication system of a multi-cellenvironment, and more particularly, to a method for reducing inter-cellinterference in a multi-cell environment and a method for transmittingand receiving a signal by a collaborative multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) scheme.

2. Discussion of the Related Art

With the popularization of information communication services, theemergence of various multimedia services, and the provision ofhigh-quality services, demand for a wireless communication service hasrapidly increased. To actively cope with such demand, the capacity of acommunication system should be increased and the reliability of datatransmission should be improved.

To increase communication capacity in wireless communicationenvironments, a method for newly searching available frequency bands anda method for increasing efficiency for limited resources may beconsidered. As to the latter method, a multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) scheme has recently drawn attention and has been activelydeveloped. The MIMO scheme obtains a diversity gain by equipping atransmitter and a receiver with a plurality of antennas to additionallyensure a spatial region for utilizing resources, or increasestransmission capacity by transmitting data in parallel via the pluralityof antennas.

Generally, the MIMO scheme is considered to raise the reliability of acommunication system or to improve transmission efficiency and may beclassified into beamforming, spatial diversity, and spatial multiplexingschemes.

The beamforming scheme and spatial diversity scheme, which use multipletransmit antennas to raise reliability, transmit a single data streamthrough multiple transmit antennas. The spatial multiplexing scheme,used to raise transmission efficiency, simultaneously transmits multipledata streams via multiple transmit antennas.

In the spatial multiplexing scheme, the number of simultaneouslytransmitted data streams is called a spatial multiplexing rate. Thespatial multiplexing rate should be appropriately selected according tothe number of transmit and receive antennas and to a channel state.Generally, the spatial multiplexing rate which can maximally be obtainedis limited to a smaller value of the number of transmit antennas and thenumber of receive antennas. If correlation of a channel is increased, alow spatial multiplexing rate is used.

When employing the spatial multiplexing scheme, various gains can beobtained by applying a virtual antenna signaling scheme. For example,since channel environment of multiple data streams become the same byapplication of the virtual antenna signaling scheme, robust channelquality information (CQI) can be provided and the reliability of a datastream having a bad channel state can be increased.

Further, a transmit power of physical antennas to which a virtualantenna signaling scheme is applied can be nearly uniformly maintained.In more detail, sets of physical transmit antennas form a plurality ofbeams each corresponding to a virtual antenna. Different beams aregenerated not only to transmit the same power from all the physicalantennas but also to reserve a channel characteristic.

The total number of virtual antennas determines an available spatialdiversity or spatial multiplexing rate. Moreover, the total number ofvirtual antennas determines the amount of overhead required to measurespace channels. Hereinbelow, the number of physical transmit antennas isdenoted by Mr, the number of available virtual transmit antennas isdenoted by Me, and the number of simultaneously transmitted layers isdenoted by M. The layer indicates a transmission symbol which isindependently coded and modulated for transmission.

Meanwhile, a precoding scheme refers to a spatial processing scheme toraise the reliability of a communication system and to improvetransmission efficiency. The precoding scheme can be used irrespectiveof a spatial multiplexing rate in a multiple antenna system andincreases a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a channel. Generally, atransmitting side multiplies the most proper matrix or vector in acurrent channel environment by data for transmission. The multipliedmatrix or vector is fed back from a receiving side. If the transmittingside can determine channel information of a downlink, a proper matrix orvector can be selectively used.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies inproviding a method for efficiently reducing inter-cell interference in amulti-cell environment and a method for transmitting and receiving asignal by a collaborative MIMO scheme.

One aspect of the present invention for achieving the object provides amethod for mitigating, by a mobile station, inter-cell interference in amulti-cell environment.

In one embodiment, a method for mitigating inter-cell interferenceincludes measuring the channel from at least one neighboring basestation generating interference with a signal received from a servingbase station, determining at least one of a first precoding matrix indexin which the interference is maximized and a second precoding matrixindex in which the interference is minimized, wherein the first andsecond precoding matrix indexes are determined based on the measuredchannel, and transmitting the at least one of the first and secondprecoding matrix indexes to the serving base station together withcorresponding base station identifier information.

The first precoding matrix index may be a precoding matrix index forrequesting the at least one neighboring base station to restrict use ofthe precoding matrix index, and the second precoding matrix index may bea precoding matrix index for requesting the at least one neighboringbase station to recommend use of the precoding matrix index.

The transmitting of the at least one of the first and second precodingmatrix indexes may further transmit interference amount information fromthe at least one neighboring base station.

Two or more first precoding matrix indexes and two or more secondprecoding matrix indexes may be determined in order of maximuminterference or minimum interference based on the measured channel andmay be transmitted to the serving base station.

The first and second precoding matrix indexes transmitted to the servingbase station together with the base station identifier information maybe transmitted to a neighboring base station corresponding to the basestation identifier information via the serving base station.

In another embodiment, a method for mitigating inter-cell interferenceincludes measuring the channel from at least one neighboring basestation generating interference with a signal received from a servingbase station, and calculating an interference value based on themeasured channel signal and transmitting the interference value to theserving base station, wherein the interference value is used todetermine priority for selection of a precoding matrix index in eachbase station, and information about the priority is transmitted from theserving base station to the at least one neighboring base station.

The interference value may include at least one of signal tointerference plus noise ratio (SINR), normalized interference power, andinterference over thermal (IoT).

The priority for the selection of the precoding matrix index may be usedto determine the precoding matrix index used in each base station, whena request for use restriction of a specific precoding index and arequest for use recommendation of the specific precoding index from twoor more mobile stations collide.

The measured interference value is transmitted to the serving basestation together with corresponding base station identifier information.

The method may further includes, after measuring the channel,determining at least one of a first precoding matrix index in whichinterference is maximized and a second precoding matrix index in whichinterference is minimized, and transmitting the at least one of thefirst and second precoding matrix indexes to the serving base stationtogether with corresponding base station identifier information.

Another aspect of the present invention for achieving the objectprovides a method for mitigating, by a specific base station, inter-cellinterference in a multi-cell environment.

In one embodiment, a method for mitigating inter-cell interferenceincludes receiving, from a mobile station, at least one of a firstprecoding matrix index in which interference is maximized and a secondprecoding matrix index in which the interference is minimized, togetherwith corresponding base station identifier information, wherein theinterference is generated by a channel signal of at least oneneighboring base station with respect to a signal transmitted by thespecific base station to the mobile station, and transmitting the atleast one of the first and second precoding matrix indexes to the atleast one neighboring base station according to the base stationidentifier information.

In another embodiment, a method for mitigating inter-cell interferenceincludes receiving, from a mobile station, an interference value used todetermine priority for selection of a precoding matrix in each basestation, and transmitting priority information based on the interferencevalue to at least one neighboring base station, wherein the interferencevalue is the amount of interference caused by a channel signal of atleast one neighboring base station with respect to a signal transmittedto the mobile station by the specific base station.

A further aspect of the present invention provides a method forreceiving, by a mobile station, a signal by a collaborativemultiple-input multiple-output (Co-MIMO) scheme in a multi-cellenvironment.

In one embodiment, a method for receiving a signal by a collaborativeMIMO scheme includes measuring a channel signal received from a servingbase station and collaborative base stations including at least oneneighboring base station, wherein the collaborative base stationsperform the collaborative MIMO scheme together with the serving basestation, determining precoding matrix indexes for each of thecollaborative base stations and reporting the precoding matrix indexesto the serving base station, and receiving the same signal orindependent signals from the collaborative base stations.

The precoding matrix indexes for each of the collaborative base stationsmay be selected based on a codebook predetermined by a system.

The precoding matrix indexes for each of the collaborative base stationsmay be determined by selecting precoding matrix indexes in which amulti-cell diversity gain or a multi-cell multiplexing gain is maximallyobtained, when the mobile station collaboratively receives the samesignal or independent signals from the collaborative base stations.

The precoding matrix indexes for each of the collaborative base stationsmay be determined by sequentially selecting a prescribed number ofprecoding matrix indexes in which a multi-cell diversity gain or amulti-cell multiplexing gain is maximally obtained, when the mobilestation collaboratively receives the same signal or independent signalsfrom the collaborative base stations.

The collaborative base stations may share resource allocationinformation for the mobile station and transmit the same signal orindependent signals to the mobile station using a common resource.

The precoding matrix indexes reported to the serving base station may berespectively transmitted from the serving base station to thecollaborative base stations via an interface between networks, forexample, via a backbone network connecting the base stations.

The mobile station may receive the same signal from the collaborativebase stations when the collaborative base stations are operated in amulti-cell diversity mode, and the mobile station may receive theindependent signals from the collaborative base stations when thecollaborative base stations are operated in a multi-cell multiplexingmode.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a method fortransmitting, by a specific base station, a signal together with atleast one neighboring base station by a collaborative MIMO scheme.

In one embodiment, a method for transmitting a signal by a collaborativeMIMO scheme includes receiving, from a mobile station that receives asignal by the collaborative MIMO scheme,

precoding matrix indexes for each of the specific base station andcollaborative base stations including at least one neighboring basestation, wherein the collaborative base stations perform thecollaborative MIMO scheme together with the specific base station,transmitting the precoding matrix indexes for each of the collaborativebase stations to the at least one neighboring base station via aninterface between networks, and transmitting the same signal orindependent signals to the mobile station together with the at least oneneighboring base station.

According to the present invention, inter-cell interference can beefficiently removed in a multi-cell environment and a signal can beefficiently transmitted and received by a collaborative MIMO scheme.

When transmitting a data signal of one mobile station from a pluralityof base stations in a multi-cell environment, closed-loop precoding canbe performed by sharing precoding matrix information transmitted fromthe mobile station.

A scheduler can determine a precoding matrix of a plurality of adjacentbase stations by combining precoding matrix information received fromthe mobile station. Since channels of the adjacent base stations areconsidered, interference entering a corresponding mobile station fromthe adjacent base stations can be mitigated.

When applying the precoding matrix information to codebook-based MIMOfor adjacent base stations, reception performance in a mobile stationcan be raised by maintaining a unitary characteristic between signalstransmitted to the mobile station.

When applying the precoding matrix information to codebook-basedbeamforming for adjacent base stations, the strength of a signaltransmitted to a mobile station can be amplified. Furthermore,interference which may be generated between signals of a plurality ofbase stations transmitted to the mobile station can be mitigated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the inventionand together with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates signal transmission and reception consideringpotential interference in a communication system having a multi-cellenvironment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a signal transmission and reception method in acommunication system having a multi-cell environment according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a method for determining a precodingmatrix index of each base station in a scheduler according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 illustrates signal transmission and reception in a communicationsystem to which a collaborative MIMO scheme is applied in a multi-cellenvironment; and

FIG. 5 illustrates a signal transmission and reception method in acommunication system to which a collaborative MIMO scheme is appliedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. The detailed description, which will be given below withreference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, rather than to show the onlyembodiments that can be implemented according to the invention. Thefollowing detailed description includes specific details in order toprovide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, itwill be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present inventionmay be practiced without such specific details. For example, thefollowing description will be given centering on specific terms, but thepresent invention is not limited thereto and any other terms may be usedto represent the same meanings.

In some instances, known structures and/or devices are omitted or areshown in block diagram and/or flow chart form, focusing on importantfeatures of the structures and/or devices, so as not to obscure theconcept of the present invention. The same reference numbers will beused throughout this specification to refer to the same or like parts.

Exemplary embodiments described hereinbelow are combinations of elementsand features of the present invention. The elements or features may beconsidered selective unless otherwise mentioned. Each element or featuremay be practiced without being combined with other elements or features.Further, an embodiment of the present invention may be constructed bycombining parts of the elements and/or features. Operation ordersdescribed in embodiments of the present invention may be rearranged.Some constructions of any one embodiment may be included in anotherembodiment and may be replaced with corresponding constructions ofanother embodiment.

In exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a description is madeof a data transmission and reception relationship between a base stationand a mobile station. Here, the term ‘base station’ refers to a terminalnode of a network communicating directly with the mobile station. Insome cases, a specific operation described as performed by the basestation may be performed by an upper node of the base station. Namely,it is apparent that, in a network comprised of a plurality of networknodes including a base station, various operations performed forcommunication with a mobile station may be performed by the basestation, or network nodes other than the base station. The term ‘basestation’ may be replaced with the term ‘fixed station’, ‘Node B’, ‘eNodeB’ (eNB), ‘access point’, etc. The term ‘mobile station’ may be replacedwith the term ‘user equipment’, ‘mobile subscriber station’ (MSS), etc.

In case of a communicating mobile station, especially, a mobile stationin an edge of each cell in a multi-cell environment, a signaltransmitted from a serving base station to the mobile station is weak instrength and a probability of generating interference is high due tosignals transmitted to the mobile station from other neighboring basestations. Accordingly, the mobile station in an edge of a cell mayefficiently mitigate inter-cell interference in consideration of acommunication environment or improve reception performance of a userthrough collaborative MIMO as will be described hereinbelow.

FIG. 1 illustrates the concept of potential interference in signaltransmission and reception of a communication system having a multi-cellenvironment.

When a plurality of base stations located in two or more cell regionstransmit signals to one mobile station, interference may occur in amobile station in one cell due to signals transmitted to mobile stationsin other cells, as shown in FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 1, mobile stations (MS₁, MS₂, and MS₃) 23, 24, and 25receive signals from base stations (BS₁, BS₂, and BS₃) 20, 21, and 22. Asignal {circle around (1)} transmitted from the base station 20 to themobile stations 24 and 25 may create interference with respect to themobile station 23. A signal {circle around (2)} transmitted from thebase station 21 to the mobile station 25 may create interference withrespect to the mobile station 24. Similarly, a signal {circle around(3)} transmitted from the base station 22 to the mobile station 23 maycreate interference with respect to the mobile station 25.

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention which will be describedhereinbelow provide a signal transmission method capable of reducinginterference caused by signals transmitted from a plurality of basestations, through a closed-loop operation employing a codebook in usingprecoding information in a communication system having a multi-cellenvironment.

FIG. 2 illustrates a signal transmission and reception method in acommunication system having a multi-cell environment according to anexemplary embodiment of the present invention.

An example of a method will now be described in detail for minimizinginterference in neighboring cells when applying codebook-basedclosed-loop precoding to a mobile station in an edge of a cell,according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

In step S40, a mobile station, especially, a mobile station positionedin an edge of a cell may perform a channel estimation for the samefrequency band of each base station BS₁ to BS_(N) of neighboring cellsincluding a serving base station. The mobile station determines signalstrength of each base station based on the channel estimation result foreach base station.

The mobile station may detect a codebook index in which signal strengthof the serving base station is maximized by minimizing interference andcause the neighboring cells to use the codebook index, therebyminimizing interference in the neighboring cells. Alternatively, themobile station may cause the neighboring cells not to use a codebookindex in which signal strength of the serving base station is minimizedby maximizing interference, thereby minimizing interference in theneighboring cells. The above methods may be used simultaneously.

Assuming that the neighboring base stations BS₁ to BS_(N) use a commoncodebook with respect to the mobile station, for example, the mobilestation located in an edge of a cell estimates channels through pilotsignals received from the respective base stations in step S40. In stepS41, the mobile station calculates covariance values R_(W1), R_(W2), . .. , R_(WN) by sequentially applying a precoding matrix in order of aprecoding matrix index (PMI) from the common codebook. Here, subscriptsof the covariance values indicate precoding matrices applied to eachbase station and denote identifiers for discriminating the basestations.

If the mobile station is located in the base station BS₁, the valuesR_(W2), R_(W3), . . . , R_(WN) except for R_(W1) indicating a signalcomponent of the serving base station BS₁ may act as interferencecomponents.

A method for detecting a codebook index in which signal strength of thebase station BS₁ is maximized and a method for detecting a codebookindex in which signal strength of the base station BS₁ is minimized maybe expressed by the following Formula 1 and Formula 2, respectively.

$\begin{matrix}{{DUR}_{\max} = {\underset{W_{1,\max},W_{2,\min},{{\ldots\; W_{N,\min}} \in C}}{MAX}\left\lbrack \frac{R_{1,\max}}{\sum\limits_{i = 2}^{N}R_{i,\min}} \right\rbrack}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \\{{DUR}_{\min} = {\underset{W_{1,\max},W_{2,\max},{{\ldots\; W_{N,\max}} \in C}}{MIN}\left\lbrack \frac{R_{1,\max}}{\sum\limits_{i = 2}^{N}R_{i,\max}} \right\rbrack}} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Formula 1 and Formula 2, W_(i,max) denotes a precoding matrixmaximizing signal strength of an i-th base station BS_(i), W_(i,min)denotes a precoding matrix minimizing signal strength of the i-th basestation BS_(i).

W_(i,max), and W_(i,min) may be calculated through codebook search of achannel received from the i-th base station BS_(i). A precoding matrixhaving a maximum desired to undesired signal power ratio DUR_(max) or aminimum desired to undesired signal power ratio DUR_(min) may beobtained by calculating W_(i,max) and W_(i,min). Namely, to obtainDUR_(max), a precoding matrix is applied in which signal strength of theserving base station is maximized and signal strengths of neighboringbase stations are minimized. To obtain DUR_(min), a precoding matrix isapplied in which signal strength of the serving base station ismaximized and signal strengths of neighboring base stations are alsomaximized.

R_(W1), R_(W2), . . . , R_(WN) indicate signal strength of each basestation and may be expressed in the form of covariance as shown in thefollowing Formula 3 using, for example, the channel estimated by themobile station through a signal received from each base station in stepS40 and the codebook applied commonly between each base station and themobile station.

$\begin{matrix}\begin{matrix}{{R_{W\; 1} = {\left( {H_{1}W_{1}} \right)^{H}\left( {H_{1}W_{1}} \right)}},} \\{{R_{W\; 2} = {\left( {H_{2}W_{2}} \right)^{H}\left( {H_{2}W_{2}} \right)}},} \\\vdots \\{R_{W\; N} = {\left( {H_{N}W_{N}} \right)^{H}\left( {H_{N}W_{N}} \right)}}\end{matrix} & \left\lbrack {{Formula}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Formula 3, H₁, H₂, . . . , H_(N) indicate channels estimated by themobile station through signals received from the respective basestations, and W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N) may be determined as specificprecoding matrices according to channel estimation of signals receivedfrom the base stations among precoding matrices included in the codebookused commonly in the base stations and the mobile station. Namely,signal strength of each precoding matrix is determined by applying theprecoding matrices included in the commonly used codebook to Formula 3.DUR_(max) or DUR_(min) in Formula 1 and Formula 2 may be calculatedusing the determined signal strength of each precoding matrix.

In step S41, the mobile station may calculate DUR_(max) and DUR_(min) byapplying the precoding matrix included in a codebook of each basestation through Formula 1 to Formula 3. In step S42, the mobile stationmay construct a precoding matrix set DUR_(max) [W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N)]including precoding matrices of the respective base stations determiningDUR_(max) and a precoding matrix set DUR_(min) [W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N)]including precoding matrices of the respective base stations determiningDUR_(min).

Next, the mobile station may transmit DUR_(max) and/or DUR_(min), andcorresponding precoding matrix set information to the serving basestation. The mobile station may further transmit interference controlmode start information, corresponding cell identifier (ID), etc. Anumeral N may be limited to 1 or 2 in consideration of operationalcapabilities of the mobile station, overhead for uplink feedbackinformation, interference strength, etc.

The serving base station transmits DUR_(max) and/or DUR_(min), and theprecoding matrix set information to a scheduler through a networkinterface, for example, a backbone network. The serving base station maytransmit only the precoding matrix set information considering uplinkoverhead.

To update PMI, to prevent deterioration in performance due to atransmission delay of the backbone network, and to prevent an increasein overhead of the serving base station, the mobile station may transmitthe precoding matrix set information including PMIs of neighboring basestations through an uplink channel of a corresponding base stationwithout passing through the serving base station.

To effectively use wireless resources based on information received viathe backbone network, the scheduler may select or combine a precodingmatrix suitable for each base station according to a specific schedulingalgorithm and determine a PMI for each base station, in step S45.

For example, the scheduler is operated such that a precoding matrixincluded in the precoding matrix set DUR_(max) [W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N)]is first selected and a precoding matrix included in the precodingmatrix set DUR_(min)[W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N)] is not selected. That is,the scheduler may allocate a precoding vector or matrix suitable for abase station corresponding to each corresponding base station ID orrestrict use of the precoding vector or matrix.

In step S44, the scheduler may preset a variable reference valueconsidering channel environment or system environment and compareDUR_(max) or DUR_(min) with the reference value.

In step S46, the scheduler transmits the PMI for each base stationdetermined in step S45 to a corresponding base station through thebackbone network.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a method for determining a PMI of eachbase station in a scheduler according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention

The scheduler, which performs a coordination function between basestations in a cell boundary, sets a reference value to obtain precodingmatrices W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N) for respective base stations asillustrated in FIG. 3 and can perform scheduling such that an SINR of areceived signal of each mobile station may be maximized, using PMIinformation transmitted to base stations from mobile stations located inedges of a cell.

The scheduler serves to receive and apply precoding matrix setinformation which can obtain maximum performance in each base station.However, in some cases, precoding cannot be performed according to theprecoding matrix set information that can obtain maximum performance inconsideration of a relationship with other neighboring base stations.

For example, although a base station BS₁ transmits precoding matrix setinformation including a precoding matrix index PMI_1 as precoding matrixset information of maximum performance, a base station BS₂, which is aneighboring base station, may transmit the precoding matrix setinformation including the precoding matrix index PMI_1 as precodingmatrix set information of minimum performance.

Then although the base station BS₁ can not use the precoding matrixindex PMI_1, the scheduler may inform the base station so as to use aprecoding matrix which is recombined by other precoding matricesapproximating to the maximum performance.

For example, the scheduler may determine a PMI suitable for each basestation according to DUR_(max) 50 and DUR_(min) 51. That is, thescheduler may perform scheduling with respect to a specific base stationto cause mobile stations within a cell thereof not to use a PMI leadingto DUR_(min) 51 or a similar value thereto or may recommend that themobile stations use a PMI leading to DUR_(max) 50 or a similar valuethereto. In this case, the PMI transmitted to each base station mayguarantee performance above a threshold value 52 set by the scheduler.

When scheduling a PMI for each base station as illustrated in FIG. 3, ifscheduling is performed to restrict a PMI generating strong interferencebetween base stations, a collision problem may occur while neighboringmobile stations in edges of a cell try to restrict the PMI. In thiscase, the mobile station can solve the collision problem using a look-uptable which quantizes sizes of interference signals to be controlled toa given range of interference amount. Namely, the mobile station informsthe base station of a corresponding quantization level by comparinglook-up table values, and the scheduler allocates priority to the mobilestations according to the quantization level, thereby preventingcollision of PMIs between mobile stations.

In more detail, the mobile station measures channel signals of a servingbase station and neighboring base stations generating interference witha signal received from the serving base station and calculates aninterference value based on the measured channel signal, fortransmission to the serving base station. The interference value mayinclude signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), normalizedinterference power, and interference over thermal (IoT).

The interference value may be used to determine priority in selecting aPMI in each base station. Interference value information received by theserving base station is used to determine priority for selection of aprecoding matrix index in each base as described above and priorityinformation may be transmitted to neighboring base stations through abackbone network. The interference value information may be transmittedto the serving base station from the mobile station, together with IDinformation of a corresponding base station generating interference.

Meanwhile, if the base station scheduler desires to allocate PMIinformation to each base station in order to reduce overhead for anuplink control signal, the scheduler may demand that correspondingmobile stations feed back quantization level information of interferenceamount, only when a PMI to be restricted or suppressed collides with aPMI of a counterpart base station.

As described above, a method for transmitting PMI in which interferenceis maximized and/or a PMI in which interference is minimized in amulti-cell environment may be used by combination with a method fortransmitting interference value information used to determine priorityin selecting a PMI in each base station.

In another aspect of the present invention, if it is necessary to raisereception performance according to quality of service (QoS) demanded bya mobile station in an edge of a cell, a collaborative multi-cell MIMOscheme rather than an interference elimination mode in a multi-cellenvironment may be applied. In one embodiment, a mobile station maytransmit, to a serving base station, mode conversion information whichcan be used in selecting one of a collaborative MIMO mode or aninter-cell interference mitigation mode. Such mode conversion may bedetermined by a base station or a network end rather than the mobilestation and may be signaled to the mobile station.

FIG. 4 illustrates signal transmission and reception in a communicationsystem to which a collaborative MIMO scheme is applied in a multi-cellenvironment.

According to this embodiment, MIMO is applied using a plurality of basestations in a multi-cell environment, unlike conventional application ofMIMO in a single-cell environment to achieve diversity, single-userMIMO, and multi-user MIMO.

Referring to FIG. 4, a mobile station (MS₁) 13 receives signals frombase stations (BS₁ and BS₃) 10 and 12, a mobile station (MS₂) 14receives signals from base stations (BS₁ and BS₂) 10 and 11, and amobile station (MS₃) 15 receives signals from base stations (BS₂ andBS₃) 11 and 12. Data transmitted to a mobile station from a plurality ofbase stations is constructed in a scheduler considering the plurality ofbase stations and then is transmitted to each base station through aninterface between networks, for example, through a backbone network 17.

Signals received from the respective base stations may be the same ordifferent. When the same data is received from the respective basestations, a diversity gain can be obtained. When different data isreceived from the respective base stations, a multiplexing gain can beobtained by raising a data transmission rate, that is, data processingamount.

Similarly to raising reception performance by single-user MIMO ormulti-user MIMO through multiple antennas of a base station in the samecell, a mobile station may implement diversity, single-user MIMO, ormulti-user MIMO by receiving a signal of the same channel from basestations located in a plurality of neighboring cells. Especially, amobile station in an edge of a cell which is liable to be subject tointerference from neighboring cells may implement, when employing thissituation in reverse, diversity, single-user MIMO, or multi-user MIMO byreceiving a signal for the same channel from neighboring base stations.

Since a plurality of independent streams are transmitted to multiplemobile stations or a specific mobile station, when a collaborative MIMOscheme is applied to implement single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO, aplurality of base stations may receive channel state information (CSI)from the mobile stations and estimate a channel using the CSI. Each basestation independently generates an antenna weight based on the channelestimation result, and precodes and transmits the antenna weight.

FIG. 5 illustrates a signal transmission and reception method in acommunication system to which a collaborative MIMO scheme is appliedaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 5, M base stations, including a serving base station31-1 and (M−1) neighboring base stations, transmit a data stream d to amobile station 30 by a collaborative MIMO scheme. In this case, theserving base station 31-1 and the neighboring base stations includingBS_(M) 31-M transmit, to the mobile stations, the data stream d which isconstructed based on information received by a scheduler 35 andtransmitted through a backbone network 34.

Data transmitted to each base station may be the same or different data.However, the data transmitted to each base station may be data which isappropriately coded and modulated according to channel informationtransmitted from each base station.

Construction of the base station 31-1 among a plurality of base stationswill now be described in detail. The base station 31-1 receives the datastream d through the backbone network 34 and then precodes the datastream d before transmission to the mobile station 30. A precodingmatrix generator 32-1 generates a weight or a precoding matrix used toperform precoding.

The precoding matrix generator 32-1 may generate the weight or precodingmatrix using a codebook. For example, the mobile station 30 transmitsPMI as feedback information and the precoding matrix generator 32-1 maygenerate the precoding matrix using the PMI received as the feedbackinformation from the mobile station 30.

A precoder 33-1 performs precoding by multiplying the generated weightor precoding matrix by the data stream d. The precoder 33-1 thentransmits the precoded signal to the mobile station 30.

According to this embodiment, when a base station, specifically theserving base station 31-1 receives the PMI from the mobile station asthe feedback information, the serving base station 31-1 also receivesPMIs of neighboring base stations including the base station 31-M, aswell as a PMI thereof, so that each base station can generate theprecoding matrix using the PMI.

The serving base station transmits the PMIs for the base stations tocorresponding base stations through the backbone network 34. Thebackbone network 34 may be a communication network defined totransmit/receive and share information between a plurality ofneighboring base stations. The scheduler 35 may coordinate transmissionof the PMIs.

The scheduler 35 may receive, through the backbone network 34, channelinformation obtained through a signal received by each base station froma mobile station and may construct data transmitted to a correspondingmobile station using the channel information. The channel informationmay include channel quality information (CQI) and rank information, aswell as the above-described PMI. Through the channel information, thescheduler 35 selects optimal coding and modulation schemes suitable fora channel state of a corresponding mobile station and may transmit dataconstructed using the coding and modulation schemes to each base stationthrough the backbone network 34.

According to the above-described embodiment, if it is determined thatcollaborative MIMO can obtain a received SINR for target QoS rather thanremoving interference, corresponding information, for example, one bitmay be added for transmission to a serving base station. In this case,the mobile station measures channel signals of a serving base stationand neighboring base stations for performing a collaborative MIMO schemeand reports, to the serving base station, PMI to be used in each basestation for collaborative MIMO based on the measured channel signals.The PMI transmitted to each base station for collaborative MIMO may bePMI capable of maximally obtaining a diversity gain when the same signalis received from collaborative base stations and/or may be a PMI capableof maximally obtaining a multiplexing gain when independent signals arereceived from collaborative base stations. For example, if a basestation receives corresponding information from a mobile station, thebase station may recommend use of PMI information of base stationsincluded in the precoding matrix set DUR_(min)[W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N)],which has been recommended to restrict use in an interferenceelimination mode, to raise performance using collaborative MIMO.

For collaborative MIMO, corresponding base stations use a precodingvector or matrix having DUR_(min) transmitted from a scheduler andsynchronize a transmission frequency band with a base station to which amobile station desiring a service belongs. The base stations transmitthe same data received from the corresponding mobile station or anindependent data stream to the corresponding mobile station.Accordingly, the corresponding mobile station raises receptionperformance for the same signal or increases a reception datatransmission rate by receiving a plurality of independent data streams,thereby performing a collaborative MIMO mode.

In an inter-cell interference mitigation mode, a precoding matrixcorresponding to a PMI is suppressed as much as possible, employing thesame precoding matrix set DUR_(min) [W₁, W₂, . . . , W_(N)]. Therefore,inter-cell interference of a mobile station desiring a service can beminimized.

Although a mobile station located in an edge of a cell experiences weakreception performance due to inter-cell interference, a codebook-basedclosed-loop precoding scheme may be applied according to theabove-described embodiment.

A mobile station can determine PMIs for base stations considering achannel characteristic of neighboring base stations and transmitprecoding matrix set information to a serving base station. A schedulercan then perform scheduling using the precoding matrix set information.

The scheduler performs scheduling by determining a PMI used between basestations through the precoding matrix set information and thusinterference from neighboring cells can be mitigated, thereby improvinga received SINR performance of a mobile station.

Meanwhile, the precoding matrix set information may be applied tocodebook-based MIMO for neighboring base stations. Then a unitarycharacteristic between signals transmitted to a mobile station can bemaintained to raise reception performance.

The precoding matrix set information is applicable to codebook-basedbeamforming for neighboring base stations. Then strength of a signaltransmitted to a mobile station can be amplified. Moreover, interferencewhich may be generated between signals of a plurality of base stationscan be mitigated.

The exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be achieved byvarious means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or acombination thereof. In a hardware configuration, a method fortransmitting precoding information in a collaborative MIMO communicationsystem according to the exemplary embodiment of the present inventionmay be achieved by one or more application specific integrated circuits(ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processingdevices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmablegate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers,microprocessors, etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, a method for transmittingprecoding information in a collaborative MIMO communication systemaccording to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention may beimplemented in the form of a module, a procedure, a function, etc.performing the above-described functions or operations. Software codemay be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memoryunit is located at the interior or exterior of the processor and maytransmit and receive data to and from the processor via various knownmeans.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the present inventionwithout departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it isintended that the present invention cover the modifications andvariations of this invention provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

1. A mobile station in a multi-cell environment, the mobile stationcomprising: a processor for calculating two or more first precodingmatrix indexes in which interference generated in a specific frequencyband by at least one neighboring base station is maximized and two ormore second precoding matrix indexes in which the interference isminimized, wherein the two or more the first or second precoding matrixindexes are transmitted to a serving base station together withcorresponding base station identifier information.
 2. The mobile stationaccording to claim 1, wherein the first precoding matrix index is forrestricting a use of a precoding matrix corresponding to the firstprecoding matrix index by the at least one neighboring base station. 3.The mobile station according to claim 1, wherein the second precodingmatrix index is for recommending a use of a precoding matrixcorresponding to the second precoding matrix index by the at least oneneighboring base station.
 4. The mobile station according to claim 1,wherein interference amount information caused by the at least oneneighboring base station is transmitted to the serving base station,with the two or more first or second precoding matrix indexes.
 5. Themobile station according to claim 4, wherein the interference amountinformation includes at least one of Signal to Interference plus NoiseRatio (SINR) and Normalized Interference Power (NIP).
 6. The mobilestation according to claim 1, wherein the processor calculates the twoor more of the first precoding matrix indexes or the second precodingmatrix indexes in order of increasing or decreasing the interferencebased on the measured channel.
 7. The mobile station according to claim1, wherein the two or more first or second precoding matrix indexes istransferred to a neighboring base station corresponding to the basestation identifier information via the serving base station.
 8. A basestation in a multi-cell environment, the base station comprising: aprocessor for processing two or more first precoding matrix indexes inwhich interference generated in a specific frequency band by at leastone neighboring base station is maximized and two or more secondprecoding matrix indexes in which the interference is minimized, whichare received from a mobile station together with corresponding basestation identifier information; and wherein the two or more first orsecond precoding matrix indexes are transferred to the at least oneneighboring base station according to the base station identifierinformation.
 9. The base station according to claim 8, wherein the firstprecoding matrix index is for restricting a use of a precoding matrixcorresponding to the first precoding matrix index by the at least oneneighboring base station.
 10. The base station according to claim 8,wherein the second precoding matrix index is for recommending a use of aprecoding matrix corresponding to the second precoding matrix index bythe at least one neighboring base station.
 11. The base stationaccording to claim 8, wherein interference amount information caused bythe at least one neighboring base station is received from the mobilestation, with the two or more first or second precoding matrix indexes.12. The base station according to claim 11, wherein the interferenceamount information includes at least one of Signal to Interference plusNoise Ratio (SINR) and Normalized Interference Power (NIP).
 13. The basestation according to claim 8, wherein the two or more of the firstprecoding matrix indexes or the second precoding matrix indexes arecalculated in order of increasing or decreasing the interference basedon the measured channel, by the mobile station.